I. Nā Kūlana Hoʻohana Nui
Hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia nā mea ʻike wai maikaʻi ma Brazil i nā hiʻohiʻona nui aʻe:
1. Nā Pūnaehana Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Wai a me nā Wai ʻino
Nānā Haʻawina: SABESP (Ka Hui Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Kumu o ka Moku'āinaʻo São Paulo), ka mea hoʻohana wai nui loa ma Latin America, hoʻohana nui i nā meaʻike wai maikaʻi-nui ma kāna pūnaewele hoʻolako, mai nā waihona a hiki i nā mea kanu mālama wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
Mākaʻikaʻi Wai Puna: Ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli o nā ʻāpana e like me ka pH, ka oxygen dissolved (DO), turbidity, algal density (chlorophyll-a), a me nā māka cyanobacteria toxic i nā ʻōnaehana reservoir nui (e laʻa, Cantareira System) e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka wai maka.
Manaʻo Kaʻina Hana: Hoʻohana ʻia nā sensor i loko o nā mea kanu lapaʻau e hoʻomalu pono i ka dosing kemika (e laʻa, coagulants, disinfectants) i ka wā e like me ka coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, a me ka disinfection, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai.
Mākaʻikaʻi Pūnaehana Distribution: Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wahi nānā i loko o ka ʻoihana hoʻohele wai nui o ke kūlanakauhale e nānā i ke koena chlorine, turbidity, a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ka manawa maoli. Mālama kēia i ka palekana o ka wai i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana a hiki ke ʻike wikiwiki i nā hanana contamination.
2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka wai 'ino o ka 'oihana
Nānā Haʻawina: ʻO ka Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) a me nā keʻena kaiapuni mokuʻāina.
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
Ka nānā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana: Pono nā ʻoihana me ka nui o ka pollution (e laʻa, ka pulp a me ka pepa, ka mining, kemika, ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā meaʻai) pono e hoʻokomo i nā ʻōnaehana kiaʻi effluent ma ka pūnaewele ma ko lākou mau wahi hoʻokuʻu. Ke ana mau nei nā mea ʻike i nā ʻāpana e like me Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ka nui o ka nitrogen, ka nui o ka phosphorus, nā metala kaumaha (e laʻa, ka mercury, ke kēpau, e koi ana i nā mea ʻike kikoʻī), pH, a me ka kahe kahe.
Role: E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka wai ʻino i nā kūlana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka National Council for the Environment (CONAMA). ʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili manawa maoli i nā mea hoʻoponopono e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kānāwai a hāʻawi i nā hōʻike pololei no ka hoʻokō kānāwai.
3. Mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā kumu kumu ʻaʻole mahiʻai
Nānā Haʻawina: Nā keʻena noiʻi mahiʻai a me ke kaiapuni ma nā mokuʻāina mahiʻai nui e like me Mato Grosso.
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
Mākaʻikaʻi Waiwai: Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻupena sensor i loko o nā kīʻaha kahawai me ka mahiʻai nui nui e nānā i nā loli i nā nitrates, phosphates, turbidity, a me nā koena pesticide.
Mahele: E loiloi i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kanu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pesticide ma nā kino wai, e aʻo i nā ʻano o ka pollution kumu kumu ʻole, a hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili e hoʻomaopopo ai i nā Best Management Practices (BMPs) a me nā kulekele kaiapuni.
4. Kino Wai Maoli (Rivers, Lakes, Coasts) Nānā Kaiaola
Nānā Kiʻi:
ʻO Amazon Basin Research: Hoʻohana nā hui noiʻi mai ka National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) a me nā kulanui i nā mea ʻike i hoʻokumu ʻia a i ʻole nā moku e nānā i ka mahana o ka wai, conductivity (no ka manaʻo ʻana i ka solute concentration), turbidity, dissolved oxygen, a me CO2 fluxes ma ka Amazon River a me kona mau kahawai. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ke aʻo ʻana i ka hydrology a me ka biogeochemical cycles o ka ululāʻau nui o ka honua.
Ka nānā ʻana i ka Eutrophication Coastal: Ma nā kai kahakai o nā kūlanakauhale nui e like me Rio de Janeiro a me São Paulo, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻike e nānā i ka eutrophication ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka wai, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻo mua no nā pua algal pōʻino (nā kai ʻulaʻula) a me ka pale ʻana i nā ʻoihana huakaʻi a me nā ʻoihana iʻa.
Nā Manaʻo: Nā pahu kiaʻi paʻa, nā moku nānā kelepona, a me nā mea ʻike hiki ke kau ʻia ma nā drones.
5. ʻO ka Mining Disaster Early Warning a me ka nānā ʻana ma hope o ka pōʻino (mea nui loa)
Nānā Haʻawina: ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai naʻe pōʻino, ma Brazil. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka dam tailings ma Minas Gerais (no ka laʻana, ʻo ka Samarco i ka makahiki 2015 a me Vale i nā pōʻino 2019), ua lilo nā mea ʻike wai maikaʻi i mea pono.
Nā hiʻohiʻona:
Nā Pūnaehana Hoʻolaha Mua: Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻupena ʻike manawa maoli ma nā kahawai o lalo o nā wai huelo ikaika e nānā i ka piʻi koke ʻana o ka turbidity, hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona hōʻailona no ka haki ʻana.
Ka Hoʻomāinoino a me ka nānā ʻana: Ma hope o kahi pōʻino, hoʻonoho ʻia nā ʻupena nui o nā mea ʻike i nā kīʻaha kahawai i hoʻopilikia ʻia (e laʻa, Rio Doce, Paraopeba River) no ka nānā mau ʻana i ka turbidity, ka nui o nā metala kaumaha (e laʻa, hao, manganese), a me ka pH. ʻIke kēia i ka laha, ka ikaika, a me ka hopena kaiaola lōʻihi o ka haumia, e alakaʻi ana i nā hana hoʻoponopono.
II. Nā Hana Nui a me nā Pōmaikaʻi
Ma muli o nā hihia i luna nei, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ke kuleana o nā mea ʻike wai maikaʻi ma Brazil:
Ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino lehulehu: E hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka wai inu no nā ʻumi miliona o nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā kumu wai a me nā pūnaewele hoʻolaha, e pale ana i nā maʻi mai ka wai.
Ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokō kānāwai: Hāʻawi i nā "hōʻike paʻakikī" no nā mea hoʻoponopono kaiapuni, hiki i ka nānā pono ʻana i nā kumu haumia ʻoihana a me ke kūlanakauhale, pale i ka muliwai, loko, a me nā kaiaola kai, a me ka ʻae ʻana i ka hana i manaʻo ʻia e kūʻē i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kānāwai.
'Ōlelo Aʻo Pōʻino & Pane ʻEpekema: Hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻo koʻikoʻi i nā ʻāpana e like me ka mining, ke kūʻai ʻana i ka manawa kūpono no ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kaiāulu. Ma hope o kahi ulia pōpilikia, hiki iā lākou ke loiloi wikiwiki i ka ʻino e alakaʻi i ka pane ulia pōpilikia.
Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka Hana Hana: Kōkua i nā pono wai e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau, mālama i nā kemika a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu, a laila e hōʻemi ana i nā kumukūʻai hana.
Kākoʻo ʻana i ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻepekema: Hāʻawi i nā ʻepekema i ka ʻikepili maikaʻi o ka wai no ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻomau, kiʻekiʻe e aʻo i nā hana o nā kaiaola kūʻokoʻa (e like me ka Amazon), nā hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, a me nā hopena kaiapuni o nā hana mahiʻai.
ʻIke ʻIke a me ka ʻike lehulehu: Hoʻolaha ʻia kekahi mau ʻikepili nānā (e laʻa, ka maikaʻi o ka wai kahakai) e kōkua ana i ka poʻe e hoʻoholo inā e ʻauʻau a iʻa paha, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka maopopo o ka hoʻokele waiwai wai.
Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo
Ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike wai maikaʻi, ke hoʻopuka nei ʻo Brazil i kāna mau pilikia waiwai wai: ka haumia mai ka wikiwiki o ke kūlanakauhale, ka pilikia o nā pōʻino ʻoihana, ka hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahiʻai, a me ke kuleana e pale i ka hoʻoilina kūlohelohe honua. Hoʻokumu kēia mau ʻenehana i ke kumu o kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele kaiapuni wai piha i hoʻopaʻa ʻia—e pili ana i ka "'ōlelo aʻo mua," "nānā," "hoʻokō," a me "ka noiʻi." ʻOiai ke mau nei nā pilikia ma ka laulā hoʻolaha, ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻikepili, a me ke kālā, ua hōʻike kā lākou noi hana i ka waiwai nui a me ka pono.
Hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi i nā ʻano hoʻonā like ʻole no
1. ʻO ka mika paʻa lima no ka maikaʻi o ka wai
2. Pūnaehana Buoy lana no ka maika'i o ka wai
3. Palaki hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻakomi no ka ʻike wai ʻokoʻa
4. Hoʻopiha piha i nā kikowaena a me nā polokalamu uila uila, kākoʻo iā RS485 GPRS / 4g / WIFI / LORA / LORAWAN
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-01-2025