ʻO nā mea ʻike lepo: "Nā Maka o lalo" no ka pololei o ka mahiʻai a me ka nānā ʻana i ka kaiaola

1. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻenehana a me nā hana koʻikoʻi
ʻO ka Sensor Soil kahi mea akamai e nānā i nā ʻāpana kaiapuni o ka lepo i ka manawa maoli ma o nā ʻano kino a i ʻole kemika. ʻO kāna mau ana nānā nui e pili ana:

Ka nānā ʻana i ka wai: Volumetric water content (VWC), matrix potential (kPa)
Nā waiwai kino a me ke kemika: Ka hoʻoili uila (EC), pH, hiki ke REDOX (ORP)
Ka nānā 'ana i nā meaʻai: Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) content, organic matter concentration
Nā ʻāpana Thermodynamic: ʻike kiʻi wela o ka lepo (0-100cm ana gradient)
Nā hōʻailona olaola: Ka hana microbial (CO₂ respiration rate)

ʻO ka lua, ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻike nui
ʻIke wai
ʻAno TDR (time domain reflectometry): ana manawa hoʻolaha ʻana o ka nalu electromagnetic (pololei ±1%, pae 0-100%)
ʻAno FDR (ka hoʻomanaʻo domain frequency): ʻike ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o ka Capacitor (kūʻai haʻahaʻa, pono ka calibration maʻamau)
Neutron probe: Hydrogen moderated neutron count (pololei papa hana, koi ʻia ka ʻae radiation)

ʻO ka ʻimi hoʻohuihui-nui
5-i-1 mea ʻike: Māmā + EC+ wela + pH+ Nitrogen (pale IP68, pale ʻana i ka saline-alkali corrosion resistance)
Mea ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī: Kokoke infrared (NIR) ʻike ʻia ma kahi o nā mea ola (ka palena ʻike 0.5%)

ʻO ka holomua ʻenehana hou
Kaona nanotube electrode: EC ana hoʻonā a hiki i 1μS/cm
Microfluidic chip: 30 kekona e hoʻopau i ka ʻike wikiwiki o ka nitrate nitrogen

ʻO ke kolu, nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi ʻoihana a me ka waiwai ʻikepili
1. Hoʻoponopono pololei i ka mahiʻai akamai (Kula palaoa ma Iowa, USA)

Papahana hoʻolālā:
Hoʻokahi hale kiaʻi ʻike i kēlā me kēia 10 ʻeka (20/50/100cm ʻekolu pae)
Uena pūnaewele ʻole (LoRaWAN, mamao hoʻouna 3km)

Hoʻoholo naʻauao:
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoulu wai: Hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wā VWC <18% ma 40cm hohonu
Hoʻololi ʻokoʻa: Hoʻololi ikaika o ka noi nitrogen ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa waiwai EC o ± 20%

ʻIkepili pōmaikaʻi:
Ka mālama ʻana i ka wai 28%, piʻi ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nitrogen 35%
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.8 tons kulina no ka ʻeka

2. Ka nānā 'ana i ka ho'omalu desertification (Sahara Fringe Ecological Restoration Project)

Pūnaehana ʻenekona:
Ka nānā ʻana i ka pākaukau wai (piezoresistive, 0-10MPa laulā)
Ka nānā ʻana i mua o ka paʻakai (ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe EC probe me 1mm electrode spacing)

kŘkohu ho'olaha mua:
Helu helu hoʻokaʻawale =0.4×(EC>4dS/m)+0.3×(mea olaola <0.6%)+0.3×(maʻiʻo wai <5%)

Ka hopena hoʻomalu:
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka uhi o nā mea kanu mai 12% a i 37%
62% ka emi ʻana o ka paʻakai ili

3. Ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i ka pōʻino honua (Shizuoka Prefecture, Iapana Landslide Monitoring Network)

Pūnaehana nānā:
I loko o ka pali: pore water pressure sensor (pae 0-200kPa)
Ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻili: MEMS dipmeter (hoʻonā 0.001°)

Algorithm hoʻolaha mua:
ʻO ka ua koʻikoʻi: hoʻopiha ʻia ka lepo > 85% a me ka ua i kēlā me kēia hola> 30mm
Ka helu hoʻoneʻe: 3 mau hola > 5mm/h hoʻāla ʻulaʻula ala

Nā hopena hoʻokō:
Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻāina hee i ka makahiki 2021
Hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa pane ulia pōpilikia i 15 mau minuke

4. Hoʻoponopono i nā wahi i hoʻohaumia ʻia (Hoʻoponopono i nā metala kaumaha ma Ruhr Industrial Zone, Kelemānia)

Papahana ʻike:
XRF Fluorescence sensor: Lead/cadmium/Arsenic in situ detection (ppm pololei)
ʻO ke kaulahao hiki ke REDOX: Ka nānā ʻana i nā kaʻina hana bioremediation

Mana akamai:
Hoʻohana ʻia ka Phytoremediation i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka ʻike arsenic ma lalo o 50ppm
Ke hiki i ka 200mV, hiki i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mea hāʻawi electron ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa microbial

ʻikepili hoʻomalu:
Ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pollution alakaʻi e 92%
Hoʻemi ʻia ka pōʻai hoʻoponopono e 40%

4. Ke au hoʻomohala ʻenehana
ʻO ka miniaturization a me ka array
Hiki i nā mea ʻike Nanowire (<100nm ke anawaena) ke hoʻohana i ka nānā ʻana i ke aʻa kumu lāʻau hoʻokahi
ʻIli uila maʻalahi (300% stretch) ADAPTS i ka deformation lepo

ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka manaʻo multimodal
ʻO ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ke ʻano o ka lepo e ka nalu acoustic a me ka conductivity uila
ʻO ke ʻano o ka pulse thermal ke ana o ka hoʻoili wai (pololei ± 5%)

Hoʻokele ʻo AI i ka ʻikepili naʻauao
Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻenehana neural convolutional i nā ʻano lepo (98% pololei)
Hoʻohālike nā māhoe kikohoʻe i ka neʻe ʻana i nā meaʻai

5. Nā hihia noi maʻamau: Pāhana pale ʻāina ʻeleʻele ma Northeast Kina
Pūnaewele nānā:
ʻO 100,000 pūʻulu o nā mea ʻike e uhi i 5 miliona mau ʻeka o ka ʻāina mahiʻai
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi waihona 3D o ka "moisture, fertility and compactness" ma ka papa lepo 0-50cm.

Kulekele pale:
Ke koi 'ia ka mea olaola ma lalo o 3%, pono ka huli 'ana i ka mau'u
Hoʻomaka ka nui o ka lepo ma kahi o 1.35g/cm³ i ka hana subsoiling

Nā hopena hoʻokō:
Ua emi iho ka huina poho o ka papa lepo eleele e 76%
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka awelika o ka soybeans no ka mu e 21%
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka carbon e 0.8 tons/ha i kēlā me kēia makahiki

Ka hopena
Mai ka "mahina empirical" a i ka "mahina data," ke hoʻololi nei nā mea ʻike lepo i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana o ke kanaka i ka ʻāina. Me ka hoʻohui hohonu o ke kaʻina hana MEMS a me ka ʻenehana Internet of Things, e hoʻokō ka nānā ʻana i ka lepo i nā holomua i ka hoʻonā spatial nanoscale a me ka pane manawa minuke i ka wā e hiki mai ana. I ka pane ʻana i nā pilikia e like me ka palekana o ka meaʻai honua a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka kaiaola, e hoʻomau kēia mau "sentinels silent" i kanu ʻia i ke kākoʻo ʻikepili koʻikoʻi a hāpai i ka hoʻokele naʻauao a me ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana honua.