Ma ke ʻano he lāhui pae ʻāina, ke kū nei ʻo Pilipine i nā pilikia he nui i ka hoʻokele waiwai wai, me ka haumia wai inu, ka ulu ʻana o ka limu, a me ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma hope o nā pōʻino kūlohelohe. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana sensor, ua hoʻokani nā sensor turbidity wai i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ke kaiapuni wai o ka ʻāina. Hoʻopili pono kēia ʻatikala i nā hihia hoʻohana pono o nā sensor turbidity ma Pilipine, me kā lākou hoʻohana kikoʻī i ka nānā ʻana i nā hale hana mālama wai, ka hoʻokele limu loko, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, a me ka pane ʻana i nā pōpilikia. Ke noiʻi nei ia i ka hopena o kēia mau noi ʻenehana i ka hoʻokele maikaʻi o ka wai, ke olakino lehulehu, ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, a me ka hoʻomohala waiwai ma Pilipine, me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano a me nā pilikia e hiki mai ana. Ma ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻike pono o nā noi sensor turbidity ma Pilipine, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā kuhikuhi waiwai no nā ʻāina e ulu ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana nānā maikaʻi o ka wai.
Ka Moolelo a me nā Pilikia o ka Nānā ʻana i ka Wai ma Pilipine
ʻO Pilipine, he ʻāina pae ʻāina ma Asia Hikina Hema i haku ʻia me nā mokupuni he 7,000 a ʻoi, ke kū nei i nā pilikia hoʻokele waiwai wai kūikawā ma muli o kona ʻano ʻāina like ʻole. Me ka awelika o ka ua makahiki he 2,348 mm, he nui nā waiwai wai o ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolaha like ʻole, nā pono hana kūpono ʻole, a me nā pilikia haumia koʻikoʻi e waiho ana i kahi hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana i ka wai inu palekana. Wahi a ka World Health Organization, ma kahi o 8 miliona mau Pilipino nele i ka wai inu palekana, e hoʻolilo ana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai i mea hopohopo nui no ke olakino lehulehu.
ʻO nā pilikia maikaʻi o ka wai ma Pilipine e hōʻike nui ʻia ma nā ʻano penei: ka haumia nui o ka wai kumu, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā wahi i noho nui ʻia e like me Metro Manila, kahi e alakaʻi ai ka wai hoʻoneoneo ʻoihana, ka wai hoʻoneoneo home, a me ka holo ʻana o ka mahiʻai i ka eutrophication; ka ulu pinepine ʻana o ka limu ma nā wai nui e like me Laguna Lake, ʻaʻole wale e hoʻopuka i nā ʻala ʻino akā hoʻokuʻu pū i nā mea ʻawahia limu; ka haumia metala kaumaha ma nā wahi ʻoihana, me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka cadmium (Cd), ke kēpau (Pb), a me ke keleawe (Cu) i ʻike ʻia ma Manila Bay; a me ka emi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai ma hope o ka pōʻino ma muli o nā makani ʻino a me nā kahe pinepine.
Ke kū nei nā ʻano hana nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai kuʻuna i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻokō ma Pilipine: he pipiʻi a he nui ka manawa o ka loiloi hale hana, e paʻakikī ai ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli; ua kaupalena ʻia ka laʻana lima e ka ʻāina paʻakikī o ka ʻāina, e waiho ana i nā wahi mamao he nui i wehe ʻole ʻia; a ʻo ka hoʻokele ʻikepili i māhele ʻia ma waena o nā keʻena like ʻole e keakea ana i ka loiloi piha. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau mea i nā pane kūpono i nā pilikia o ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
I kēia kūlana, ua loaʻa i nā mea ʻike turbidity wai ka ikaika ma ke ʻano he mau mea hana nānā pono a manawa maoli. ʻO ka Turbidity, kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai akā pili pū kekahi i ke alo o nā pathogen a me nā ʻano haumia kemika. Hana nā mea ʻike turbidity hou ma ke kumumanaʻo kukui i hoʻopuehu ʻia: ke hele kahi kukuna kukui ma o kahi hāpana wai, hoʻopuehu nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka mālamalama, a ana ke sensor i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e kū pono ana i ke kukuna hanana, e hoʻohālikelike ana iā ia me nā waiwai calibration kūloko e hoʻoholo ai i ka turbidity. Hāʻawi kēia ʻenehana i nā ana wikiwiki, nā hopena pololei, a me nā hiki ke nānā mau, e kūpono loa ia no nā pono nānā maikaʻi wai o Pilipine.
Ua hoʻonui nā holomua hou i ka ʻenehana IoT a me nā pūnaewele sensor uea ʻole i nā hiʻohiʻona noi o nā sensor turbidity ma Pilipine, e hoʻonui ana mai ka nānā ʻana i nā hale hana mālama wai kuʻuna a hiki i ka hoʻokele loko, ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino, a me ka pane ulia pōpilikia. Ke hoʻololi nei kēia mau hana hou i nā ʻano hoʻokele maikaʻi wai, e hāʻawi ana i nā hopena hou i nā pilikia lōʻihi.
ʻIkepili ʻenehana o nā mea ʻike turbidity a me ko lākou kūpono ma Philippines
ʻO nā mea ʻike turbidity, ma ke ʻano he lako koʻikoʻi i ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, hilinaʻi lākou i kā lākou mau loina loea a me nā ʻano hana e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi i nā wahi paʻakikī. Hoʻohana nui nā mea ʻike turbidity hou i nā loina ana optical, me ka mālamalama hoʻopuehu, ka mālamalama i hoʻouna ʻia, a me nā ʻano ratio, me ka mālamalama hoʻopuehu ʻo ia ka ʻenehana nui ma muli o kona pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa. Ke hele kahi kukuna kukui ma o kahi hāpana wai, hoʻopuehu nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka mālamalama, a ʻike ka mea ʻike i ka ikaika o ka mālamalama hoʻopuehu ma kahi kihi kikoʻī (maʻamau 90°) e hoʻoholo ai i ka turbidity. Pale aku kēia ʻano ana ʻaʻole pili i ka haumia electrode, e kūpono ai no ka nānā ʻana ma ka pūnaewele no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO nā palena hana koʻikoʻi o nā mea ʻike turbidity e pili ana i ka laulā ana (maʻamau 0-2,000 NTU a ʻoi aku paha), ka hoʻonā (a hiki i ka 0.1 NTU), ka pololei (±1%–5%), ka manawa pane, ka laulā uku mahana, a me ka helu pale. I ke aniau tropical o Pilipine, he mea nui loa ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiapuni, me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe (pae hana o 0-50°C), ka helu pale kiʻekiʻe (IP68 waterproofing), a me nā hiki anti-biofouling. Hoʻokomo pū nā mea ʻike kiʻekiʻe hou i nā hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe aunoa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pulumu mechanical a i ʻole ka ʻenehana ultrasonic e hōʻemi i ka pinepine o ka mālama ʻana.
He kūpono loa nā mea ʻike turbidity i Pilipine ma muli o kekahi mau hoʻololi loea: hōʻike pinepine nā kino wai o ka ʻāina i ka turbidity kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai i nā kau ua i ka wā e piʻi ai ka wai kahe o ka ʻili, e hana ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli he mea nui; hoʻoponopono ʻia ka lako mana paʻa ʻole ma nā wahi mamao e nā mea ʻike mana haʻahaʻa (<0.5 W) hiki ke hana ma ka ikehu lā; a ʻo ka ʻāina o ka pae ʻāina e hana i nā protocol kamaʻilio uea ʻole (e laʻa, RS485 Modbus/RTU, LoRaWAN) kūpono no nā pūnaewele nānā i hoʻolaha ʻia.
Ma Pilipine, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea ʻike turbidity me nā palena ʻē aʻe o ka maikaʻi o ka wai e hana i nā ʻōnaehana nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai multi-parameter. ʻO nā palena maʻamau e pili ana i ka pH, ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (DO), ka conductivity, ka mahana, a me ka ammonia nitrogen, e hāʻawi pū ana i kahi loiloi maikaʻi o ka wai. No ka laʻana, i ka nānā ʻana i ka algae, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻikepili turbidity me nā waiwai fluorescence chlorophyll e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka ʻike ʻana i ka algal bloom; i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo, ʻo ka turbidity a me ka chemical oxygen demand (COD) correlation analysis e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kaʻina hana mālama. Hoʻonui kēia ala i hoʻohui ʻia i ka pono o ka nānā ʻana a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai hoʻolaha holoʻokoʻa.
Hōʻike nā ʻano ʻenehana e neʻe ana nā noi sensor turbidity ma Pilipine i nā ʻōnaehana akamai a me nā ʻōnaehana pūnaewele. Hoʻokomo nā sensor hanauna hou i ka helu ʻana o ka lihi no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻikepili kūloko a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ʻē, ʻoiai nā kahua ao e hiki ai ke komo i ka ʻikepili mamao a me ka kaʻana like ʻana ma o nā PC a me nā polokalamu kelepona. No ka laʻana, ʻae ka paepae Sunlight Smart Cloud i ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana ma ke ao 24/7, e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohana ke komo i ka ʻikepili mōʻaukala me ka ʻole o ka pilina mau. Hāʻawi kēia mau holomua i nā mea hana ikaika no ka hoʻokele waiwai wai, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hanana maikaʻi wai koke a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano lōʻihi.
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