Loaʻa nā kahawai hāmama ma Nature a me nā hale i hana ʻia e ke kanaka. Loaʻa nā wai kahe i nā kahawai mauna, nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko e pili ana i nā cataracts o ka muliwai Nile, nā kahawai Zambesi ma ʻApelika a me nā wailele Rhine.
ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Wisconsin a me nā kaola one ma ʻAukake, 1966 - nānā i luna.
Hiki i nā awāwa hāmama i hana ʻia e ke kanaka he mau ala wai no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka mana a me nā wai inu, ke alahele conveyor i nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, nā ala wai ʻino, kekahi mau pūnāwai lehulehu, nā ʻauwai ma lalo o nā alanui a me nā laina kaʻaahi.
ʻIke ʻia nā kahe kahe hāmama ma nā kūlana liʻiliʻi a me nā kūlana nui. No ka laʻana, hiki ke kahe ka hohonu ma waena o ka liʻiliʻi kenimika ma nā hale mālama wai a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 m ma nā muliwai nui. Hiki ke piʻi ka wikiwiki o ke kahe ʻana mai ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.01 m/s ma nā wai mālie a ʻoi aku ma luna o 50 m/s ma ke awāwa poʻo kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke ho'onui 'ia ka nui o ka ho'oku'u 'ana mai Q ~ 0.001 l/s i loko o nā mea kanu kemika a hiki i ka Q > 10 000 m3/s ma nā muliwai nui a i 'ole nā kahawai. I kēlā me kēia kūlana kahe, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike mua ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻili manuahi a hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu hoʻomau a me ka manawa.
No laila, i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana i kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka naʻauao a me ka pololei o nā huahana hydrological e ana i ka kahe kahe o nā kahawai hāmama, penei:
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-29-2024