Nā noi ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana ma Saudi Arabia

ʻO Saudi Arabia, kahi mana mana honua a me ka hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻololi ikaika nei ma lalo o kāna "Vision 2030" hoʻolālā, ke kau nei i kahi manaʻo nui ʻole i ka palekana, ka maikaʻi o ka hana, a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni i loko o kāna mau ʻoihana ʻoihana. Arabia.

I. Nā Keaukaha Ki no ka noi

1. Palekana Mua: ʻO ka ʻaila nui, kinoea, a me nā ʻoihana petrochemical o Saudi Arabia e mālama i nā kinoea hiki ke puhi ʻia, pahū, a ʻona. ʻO ka leak kinoea kahi kumu pilikia nui no ke ahi, pahū, a me nā mea make. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke kinoea i ka manawa maoli, he laina ola koʻikoʻi no ka pale ʻana i nā pōʻino.
2. Ka Hoʻokō Kaiapuni: Me ka ulu ʻana o ka manaʻo nui o ka honua i ka hoʻomau, ua hoʻokō ka Saudi Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu koʻikoʻi. He mea pono nā mea ʻike kinoea no ka nānā ʻana i nā kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo (e laʻa, CH₄), nā mea haumia ʻona (e laʻa, SO₂, NOx), a me nā Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kānāwai.
3. Hoʻoponopono Kaʻina Hana a me ka palekana waiwai: Ma nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana, pili pono ka ʻike o nā kinoea kikoʻī i ka maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā kinoea corrosive e like me Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) ke hōʻeha nui i nā pipeline a me nā mea hana. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau kinoea e hoʻonui i ka hana, hoʻonui i ke ola waiwai, a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama.
4. Ola Ola: Ma nā wahi paʻa (e laʻa, nā wili wili, nā pahu mālama, nā mea kanu wai ʻino), ka nele o ka oxygen a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā kinoea ʻino i mea weliweli i nā limahana. Hāʻawi nā mea ʻike kinoea paʻa a paʻa i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo koʻikoʻi.

II. Nā Kūlana Hoʻohana ʻOihana Nui a me nā Haʻawina Hoʻopiʻi

1. ʻOihana Aila a me Gas

ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana nui loa a koi ʻia no nā noi sensor gas ma Saudi Arabia.

• ʻImi a me ka hana ʻana i luna:
  • ʻIke: ʻO nā rigs drilling, wellheads, gathering stations.
  • Mākaʻikaʻi ʻia nā kinoea: nā kinoea puhi (LEL – Lower Explosive Limit), Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂), Oxygen (O₂).
  • Nānā Haʻawina: Ma ke kahua aila ʻo Ghawar ma ka ʻĀpana Hikina, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā tausani o nā mea ʻike kinoea paʻa ma nā poʻo punawai a me nā hui pipeline, e hana ana i kahi pūnaewele nānā ʻana. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi leak methane (CH₄) ma luna o ka paepae i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia (maʻa mau 20-25% LEL), hoʻomaka koke ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea kani a me ka ʻike maka, hoʻāla ʻakomi i ka ʻōnaehana Emergency Shutdown (ESD) e hoʻokaʻawale i ka leak, a hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻikepili i ke keʻena hoʻomalu waena no ka pane pilikia. Pono ka nānā ʻana i ka H₂S ʻawaʻawa loa (pinepine ma nā pae ppm) e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka limahana.
• Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i waena a me lalo:
  • Hōʻike: Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, nā mea kanu petrochemical, nā paipu, nā wahi pahu pahu.
  • Nānā ʻia nā kinoea: Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i luna, ua nānā ʻia nā Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) (eg, Benzene, Toluene), Ammonia (NH₃), a me Chlorine (Cl₂).
  • Nānā Hiʻohiʻona: Ma loko o nā paʻipaʻi petrochemical nui ma Jubail a i ʻole Yanbu, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kiaʻi kinoea lehulehu a puni ka catalytic cracking a me ka hydrotreating units. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā mahiʻai pahu, ua hana nā mea ʻike Open-Path Infrared (IR) i kahi "pa uila" ʻike ʻole ʻia e ʻike i ka laha ʻana o ka mahuka VOC, e pale ana i nā lewa pahū a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokō kaiapuni. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka mea kanu, hāʻawi nā mea loiloi SO₂ i ka ʻikepili hoʻokuʻu mau e hōʻoia i ka pili ʻana i nā lula MEWA.

2. Nā pono a me ka hana mana

• Hōʻike: Nā mea kanu mana (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keʻena turbine kinoea), nā substation, nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai.
• Nānā ʻia nā kinoea: ʻO nā kinoea puhi (CH₄), Hydrogen (H₂) (no ka hoʻoluʻu generator), Ozone (O₃), Chlorine (Cl₂) (no ka mālama wai), Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) (i hana ʻia i loko o nā ʻōpala a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau).
• Nānā Haʻawina: Ma kahi hale mana nui ma Riyadh, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā catalytic bead a i ʻole IR sensors no ka nānā ʻana i nā leaka methane i loko o nā hale turbine a me nā keʻena hoʻoponopono kinoea maoli. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā kaila uwea a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā mea ʻike paʻa e pale i ka pahū ʻana mai nā kinoea puhi ahi i hana ʻia e nā lako uila. Ma kahi kanu wai ʻino kokoke, pono nā limahana e hoʻohana i nā mea ʻike maka uila e nānā i nā pae palekana o O₂, LEL, H₂S, a me CO ma mua o ke komo ʻana i nā wahi paʻa e like me nā pahu sedimentation, e pili pono ana i nā kaʻina hana komo.

3. Hale & Kaona

• Hōʻike: Nā hale kaʻa kaʻa, nā tunnels, nā hale kūʻai kūʻai, nā hale hana halemai.
• Nānā ʻia nā kinoea: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) (no ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻa).
• Nānā Haʻawina: Ma nā hale kaʻa kaʻa ma lalo o ka honua ma Riyadh a i ʻole Jeddah, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻōnaehana ea me nā mea ʻike CO. Ke piʻi ka manaʻo i kahi pae i hoʻoholo mua ʻia (e laʻa, 50 ppm), hoʻāla ʻokoʻa nā mea ʻike i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e lawe mai i ka ea hou a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nā pae palekana, e pale ana i ke olakino o nā poʻe a me nā limahana.

4. Mining & Metallurgy

• Hōʻike: Phosphate mines, gula gula, smelters.
• Mākaʻikaʻi ʻia nā kinoea: Ma waho aʻe o nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa a me nā kinoea hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia, pono ke nānā ʻia nā kinoea kikoʻī e like me Phosphine (PH₃) a me Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN).
• Nānā Haʻawina: Ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻoihana ʻo Waʻad Al-Shamal phosphate, hiki i ke kaʻina hana fertilizer ke hana i ka PH₃. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea ʻike electrochemical a semiconductor PH₃ i nā wahi kaʻina hana a me nā keʻena mālama e ʻike koke i ka leak, e pale ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka limahana.

III. ʻIke ʻenehana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana

Ke ulu nei nā noi ʻike kinoea ma Saudi Arabia i ka naʻauao a me ka hoʻohui ʻana:

1. IoT & Digitalization: Ke hoʻololi nei nā mea ʻike mai nā ʻāpana alarm kūʻokoʻa i nā nodes ʻikepili pūnaewele. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻenehana uila e like me LoRaWAN a me 4G/5G, hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili i ka manawa maoli i nā kapuaʻi kapuaʻi no ka nānā mamao, ka ʻikepili nui, a me ka mālama wānana.
2. UAV & Robotic Inspection: Ma nā wahi ākea a weliweli paha (e laʻa, nā laina paipu mamao, nā pūʻulu kiʻekiʻe), nā drones i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea ʻike e like me ka laser methane detectors e hana pono a palekana hoʻi, e kuhikuhi koke i nā wahi leak.
3. Nā ʻenehana Sensing Advanced: Ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei nā ʻenehana koho kiʻekiʻe e like me Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) a me Photoionization Detectors (PID no VOC) e hoʻokō i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni a me ka palekana.
4. Hoʻohui AI: Hiki i nā algorithms AI ke kālailai i nā ʻano ʻikepili sensor e ʻike ai i nā hoʻoweliweli maoli mai nā ala hoʻopunipuni hoʻopunipuni (e laʻa, nā mea hoʻāla i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka pau ʻana o ka diesel) a wānana i nā hemahema o nā lako a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano leak.

Ka hopena

Ma lalo o ka "Vision 2030" o Saudi Arabia, ka mea e hoʻolalelale ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana, ua lilo nā mea ʻike kinoea i mea mālama pono no ka palekana o kāna mau ʻoihana kumu a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻomau. Mai nā māla aila nui a hiki i nā kūlanakauhale hou, hana kēia mau kiaʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia i 24/7, mālama i nā limahana, pale i ke kaiapuni, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana. Hoʻokumu lākou i kumu koʻikoʻi no ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana Saudi, a ʻo kā lākou noi e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hohonu a me ka laulā i ka wā e ulu ana ka ʻenehana.

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