Mai nā hewa o ka hale hana a i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka ea: Pehea e mālama ai nā mea ʻike kinoea i SE Asia

ʻO Asia Hikina Hema, kekahi o nā ʻāpana ʻāina e ulu wikiwiki ana i ka honua, ke ʻike nei i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana, ke kūlanakauhale, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Ua hoʻokumu kēia kaʻina hana i kahi koi wikiwiki no ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea, ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka palekana ʻoihana, a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā mea ʻike kinoea, ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana ʻike koʻikoʻi, ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana nui. Eia kekahi mau wahi noi nui a me nā hihia kikoʻī o kēia ʻenehana ma Asia Hema.

1. Palekana ʻOihana a me ka Mana Hana

ʻO kēia ka wahi noi maʻamau a koʻikoʻi no nā mea ʻike kinoea. Hoʻokipa ʻia ʻo Asia Hikina Hema i ka nui o nā mea kanu hana, nā hale hana kemika, nā ʻaila hinu, a me nā mea semiconductor.

• Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi:
  • Ka nānā ʻana i ka Leak Gas Flammable and Toxic: I nā mea kanu petrochemical, nā keʻena kinoea maoli, a me nā keʻena mālama kemika, ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa maoli no nā leaks o nā kinoea e like me ka methane, propane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, a me ka amonia e pale aku i ke ahi, pahū, a me nā mea make.
  • Ka nānā 'ana i ke komo ʻana o ka lewa: Ke hoʻohana nei i nā mea ʻike kinoea lawe lima e nānā i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen, nā kinoea lapalapa, a me nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa ma mua o ke komo ʻana o nā limahana i nā wahi paʻa e like me nā paʻa moku, nā pahu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, a me nā tunnels lalo e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā limahana.
  • Ka Hoʻoponopono Kaʻina Hana a me ka Mana Mana: Ka hoʻomalu pono ʻana i ka ʻike o nā kinoea kikoʻī (e laʻa, carbon dioxide, oxygen) i nā kaʻina e like me ka meaʻai a me ka mea inu fermentation a me ka hana semiconductor e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka hana pono.
• Nānā Kiʻi:
  • Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻoihana ʻaila nui ma Vietnam i kahi pūnaewele o nā haneli o nā mea ʻike kinoea paʻa i loko o kāna hale, pili i kahi ʻōnaehana mana kikowaena. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi leak hydrocarbon, hoʻomaka koke ka ʻōnaehana i nā mea kani a me ka ʻike maka a hiki ke hoʻōla i nā ʻōnaehana ventila a i ʻole e pani i nā kiwi kūpono, e hōʻemi ana i nā pilikia ulia.
  • ʻO Jurong Island Chemical Park ma Singapore, kahi hui kemika alakaʻi honua, ʻike i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea ʻike kiʻekiʻe Photoionization Detector (PID) e kāna mau hui e ʻike i nā leaka o nā Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), e hiki ai i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a me ka hoʻokō kaiapuni.

2. Ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke ea o ke kūlanakauhale a me ke olakino lehulehu

Nui nā kūlanakauhale nui o ʻAsia Hikina Hema, e like me Jakarta, Bangkok, a me Manila, e kū mau ana i nā pilikia hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ea mai ka hui ʻana o nā kaʻa a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻoihana. Ke piʻi mau nei ka hopohopo o ka lehulehu e pili ana i nā kaiapuni hanu olakino.

• Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi:
  • Nā Keena Nānā Lewa Kūleʻa Kūleʻa: Nā keʻena kiaʻi kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā keʻena kaiapuni o ke aupuni e ana i nā mea haumia maʻamau e like me PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), a me carbon monoxide (CO). Hoʻopuka lākou i ka Air Quality Index (AQI) e hoʻolaha i nā kulekele aupuni.
  • Nā Pūnaehana Micro-sensor: Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nodes sensor micro gas ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a puni nā kula, a kokoke i nā halemai no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pūnaewele nānā kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻikepili o ka maikaʻi o ka ea kūloko i ka manawa maoli.
  • Nā Mea Pilikino Pilikino: Hoʻohana ka poʻe i ka nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka lewa a i ʻole ka lima e nānā i nā pae pollution i ko lākou wahi kokoke, e hiki ai i nā hoʻoholo palekana e like me ke komo ʻana i nā masks a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hana waho.
• Nānā Kiʻi:
  • Ua hui pū ka Bangkok Metropolitan Administration ma Thailand me nā keʻena noiʻi e hoʻokau i nā haneli o nā mea ʻike lewa micro e pili ana i IoT ma waena o ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻouka kēia mau mea ʻike i ka ʻikepili i ke ao i ka manawa maoli, e ʻae ana i nā kamaʻāina e nānā i ka PM2.5 a me nā pae ozone ma ko lākou mau wahi kikoʻī ma o ka polokalamu kelepona, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hou aʻe a me nā mea hou ma mua o nā kikowaena kuʻuna.
  • He papahana "Smart School" ma Jakarta, Indonesia, i hoʻokomo i nā mea ʻike carbon dioxide (CO₂) i loko o nā lumi papa. Ke piʻi aʻe nā pae CO₂ ma muli o ka noho ʻana, hoʻomaka koke nā mea ʻike i nā ʻōnaehana ea e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ea, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo a me ke olakino o nā haumāna.

3. Ka Mahiai a me ka Hanai holoholona

ʻO ka mahiʻai kahi pōhaku kihi o ka hoʻokele waiwai ma nā ʻāina he nui o Asia Hema. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike kinoea ke alakaʻi nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mahiʻai kuʻuna i ka pololei a me ka mahiʻai akamai.

• Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi:
  • Ka Hoʻomalu Kaiapuni ʻO Greenhouse: Ka nānā ʻana i nā pae CO₂ i loko o nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā CO₂ ma ke ʻano he "gas fertilizer" e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka photosynthesis, e hoʻonui nui i ka hua a me ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu a me nā pua.
  • Palekana no ka mālama ʻana i ka palaoa: ka nānā ʻana i ka carbon dioxide a i ʻole phosphine i loko o nā silos nui. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o ka CO₂ i ka palaho ma muli o ka hana pest a i ʻole ka hana poʻo. He fumigant maʻamau ka Phosphine, a pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia kona ʻano no ka mālama ʻana i nā pest a me ka palekana o ka hana.
  • Ka nānā 'ana i ka nohona holoholona: E nānā mau ana i ka pae o nā kinoea kino e like me ka ammonia (NH₃) a me ka hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) i loko o nā hale moa a me nā holoholona. Hoʻopilikia kēia mau kinoea i ke olakino holoholona, ​​​​e alakaʻi ana i ka maʻi a me ka ulu ʻana. Hiki i nā mea ʻike ke hoʻoulu i nā ʻōnaehana ventila e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaiapuni o loko.
• Nānā Kiʻi:
  • Hoʻohana ka Smart Greenhouse Farm ma Malaysia i nā mea ʻike CO₂ e pili ana i ka ʻenehana NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared), i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele automated, e mālama i nā pae CO₂ maikaʻi loa (e laʻa, 800-1200 ppm) no ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, e hoʻonui ana i nā hua tōmato ma kahi kokoke i 30%.
  • Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pānaʻi moa nui ma Thailand i kahi pūnaewele sensor ammonia i loko o kāna mau hale moa. Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ammonia ma mua o ka paepae i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, e hoʻāla ʻia nā mea pā a me nā ʻōnaehana pad cooling, e hōʻemi pono ana i nā maʻi hanu i loko o ka ʻohana a e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau antibiotic.

4. Ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka ʻōlelo aʻo ʻana i nā pōʻino

Pilikia ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hema i nā pōʻino honua a he wahi koʻikoʻi e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.

• Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi:
  • ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kanu hoʻopaʻa ʻāina a me ka wai ʻino: ka nānā ʻana i ka hana methane a me nā hoʻokuʻu ʻana e pale i nā pilikia pahū a hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili no ka hoʻihoʻi biogas a me nā papahana hana mana. E nānā pū i nā kinoea ʻala e like me ka hydrogen sulfide e hoʻēmi i ka hopena i nā kaiāulu a puni.
  • Ka nānā 'ana i ka hana o ka lua pele: Ma nā ʻāina pele e like me Indonesia a me Philippines, hoʻonoho nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā mea ʻike sulfur dioxide (SO₂) a puni nā lua pele. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka SO₂ e hōʻike pinepine ana i ka hana lua pele kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi no nā ʻōlelo luhi.
  • ʻŌlelo mua o ke ahi o ka nahele: ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka carbon monoxide a me ka uahi ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau peatland o Sumatra a me Kalimantan, Indonesia, hiki ke ʻike i ke ahi e ʻā ana ma mua o ka puka ʻana o nā lapalapa ʻike ʻia, e ʻae ana i ka hana koʻikoʻi.
• Nānā Kiʻi:
  • Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) i nā ʻupena kiaʻi holoʻokoʻa, me nā mea ʻike kinoea, a puni nā lua pele ikaika e like me Mayon. Kōkua ka ʻikepili SO₂ manawa maoli iā lākou e loiloi i ke kūlana lua pele me ka pololei a haʻalele i nā kamaʻāina inā pono.
  • Hoʻohana ʻo Singapore's National Environment Agency (NEA) i ka satelite remote sensing a me ka ʻike honua e nānā pono i ka pollution haze transboundary mai nā ʻāina e pili ana. ʻO nā mea ʻike kinoea (e laʻa, no CO a me PM2.5) he mau mea hana koʻikoʻi no ka nānā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i ka hau a nānā i kona hopena.

Nā Luʻi a me nā ʻano o ka wā e hiki mai ana

ʻOiai ka hoʻohana nui ʻana, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻike kinoea ma Asia Hikina Hema e kū nei i nā pilikia e like me ka hopena o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ka haʻahaʻa i ke ola o ka sensor a me ka paʻa, ka hemahema o nā limahana akamai no ka mālama ʻana a me ka calibration, a me ka pono no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka pololei o ka ʻikepili mai nā mea ʻike haʻahaʻa.

Ke nānā nei i mua, me ka holomua o IoT, Big Data, a me Artificial Intelligence (AI), e ʻoi aku ka hohonu o nā noi sensor gas:

• Hoʻohui a me ka ʻikepili: Hoʻohui i ka ʻikepili sensor gas me nā kumu ʻē aʻe e like me ka meteorological, traffic, a me ka data satellite, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā algorithm AI no ka nānā ʻana i ka wānana (e laʻa, ka wānana ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia hana ʻenehana).
• Ke hoʻomau nei i ka hōʻemi ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana: ʻO nā holomua i ka ʻenehana Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) e hoʻolilo i nā sensor i mea liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi, e hoʻokau i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā kūlanakauhale akamai a me nā home akamai.

Ka hopena

Ma ka ʻāina ikaika o Asia Hikina Hema, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea ʻike kinoea mai nā ʻenehana palekana ʻoihana maʻalahi i mau mea hana nui no ka mālama ʻana i ke olakino lehulehu, hoʻonui i ka pono mahiʻai, a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻenehana i ka holomua a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi, e noho mau kēia mau "ihu uila" i mau kahu ʻike ʻole, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kumu ʻikepili paʻa no ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o Asia Hikina Hema.